2.5 Renewable energy sources and their amount of the energy produced (in kilowatt-hour)

Faculty of Environment
The Environmental Innovation Operation Building has a rooftop solar system, as a renewable energy for night lighting of the building, size 5 kw.

Solar Power

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine uses energy from solar cells to generate electricity as follows:
1 .Pump water from natural water sources, water the forage grass plots of laboratory animal agencies, Kamphaeng Saen.
2 .Pumping water from natural sources instead of using tap water to water the plants in front of the faculty and animal hospitals.

Using of solar power for water pump.

Kasetsart University acknowledges the importance of using clean energy to help preserve the balance of nature from destruction by harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which are causes of global warming, as well as PM2.5. Clean energy also helps reduce the impact on ecosystems and protects the environment, leading to better quality of life and public health. Currently, the government promotes renewable energy and reduces reliance on oil, resulting in a significant increase in renewable energy sources like solar and wind energy. Biofuels have become the fastest-growing renewable energy source, and alternative energy is expected to continue expanding as production technology improves and costs decrease. It is an environmentally friendly energy source, and thus national policy focuses on the development of energy from these sources.

Way Forward for a Sustainable University
Kasetsart University has a policy to increase the use of renewable energy within the organization, as it is a clean energy source capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The university follows the directives of the Kasetsart University Energy Conservation Committee, with a target to manage renewable energy within the next 2-3 years. This includes supporting projects that produce and use renewable and clean energy, such as installing a solar farm with a capacity of no less than 3 megawatts on a 27.5-rai area at Kamphaeng Saen Campus, located in Kamphaeng Saen District, Nakhon Pathom Province. It also encourages various departments within the university to install solar rooftop systems to generate electricity, promoting the university as a learning center for renewable energy, providing energy-related training to students and staff, using modern and efficient technology and digital platforms to reduce energy costs, and building energy resilience to cope with future economic or energy crises.

Renewable energy is a strategy for transitioning towards a sustainable energy system by reducing dependence on finite fossil fuel sources such as oil, coal, and natural gas, and moving towards clean and inexhaustible renewable energy.

Key approaches to The Way Forward for renewable energy development include:
1. Solar Energy
- Installing solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources. It can be installed both at the household level and at large-scale power plants.

- A significant approach is to reduce the cost of solar cell technology and to develop solar farms to produce large amounts of electricity.
2. Wind Energy
- Wind turbines generate electricity by converting the mechanical energy of the wind into electrical energy. Wind energy is a major renewable resource, especially in areas with strong winds, such as coastal or offshore regions.

- The development strategy focuses on increasing the efficiency of wind turbines, reducing installation costs, and enhancing the ability to manage intermittent energy supply.
3. Biomass Energy
- Biomass Energy Biomass energy is derived from organic materials such as organic waste, plant residues, or wood, which can be used to produce energy by burning or converting it into biogas.

- The key approach is to improve the efficiency of managing agricultural and industrial waste materials to generate energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and use sustainable energy sources.
4. Hydropower
- Using the flow of water from rivers or dams to generate electricity is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy.

-The development strategy involves building small to medium-sized hydropower plants to minimize environmental impacts and efficiently manage water resources.
5. Geothermal Energy
- This involves using the Earth's internal heat to generate electricity and thermal energy. It is a stable and highly efficient energy source, especially in regions with volcanic activity or underground heat sources.

- The approach focuses on research and development of deep drilling technologies and expanding geothermal energy use in potential areas.
6. Hydrogen Energy
- Hydrogen is a clean energy source. When used to generate electricity or as a fuel, it releases only water as a byproduct, rather than carbon dioxide.

- The development strategy involves advancing technology for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources and creating the infrastructure for hydrogen storage and distribution.

7. Energy Storage
- To ensure the stability of renewable energy, it is essential to develop energy storage systems, such as batteries or other storage technologies, to store energy produced from renewable sources during off-peak periods. The development approach includes researching higher-capacity, lower-cost lithium-ion batteries and exploring other technologies, such as thermal energy storage.
8. Policy & Incentives
- Government policies play a crucial role in driving the development and use of renewable energy, such as tax incentives, support for research and development, and building infrastructure to support renewable energy technologies.
9. Private Sector & Community Involvement
- Collaboration between the public, private sectors, and communities is essential to promote investment in renewable energy and to raise awareness of the benefits of clean energy.

Remark: All activities in section 2.5 reference the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or Global Goals, particularly SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. This goal focuses on enhancing international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technologies, including renewable energy, energy efficiency, and advanced cleaner fossil fuel technology, as well as promoting investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technologies.